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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

19

Money in flagged markets

226.02 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

8,464

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
MUNICIPIUL ORADEA CUI: 4230487 909 Whole period 72,189,346 69,752,626 1,001,889 1,434,831 58 6,478 8,557 CORAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 4986244 92.4%
CORAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 4986244 92.4% SAMARA CLEAN SRL CUI: 40325737 2.9% CURAXIM SRL CUI: 7318363 2.4% MEZAMIR SRL CUI: 23871623 1.0% LKP - SOLUTION SRL CUI: 51255378 0.6% 7 further suppliers 0.7%
COMPANIA NATIONALA DE CAI FERATE CFR SA BUCURESTI SUCURSALA REGIONALA DE CAI FERATE IASI CUI: 15670513 909 Whole period 27,671,403 27,671,403 30 6,478 7,947 GHENUTA SRL CUI: 7444663 88.4%
GHENUTA SRL CUI: 7444663 88.4% ISIS COMPREST SRL CUI: 7230813 11.6%
SPITALUL CLINIC DE URGENTE PENTRU COPII SF MARIA CUI: 4701339 909 Whole period 19,365,057 18,968,568 396,489 40 6,478 9,867 VELRANGE SRL CUI: 41210581 99.3%
VELRANGE SRL CUI: 41210581 99.3% MOSSLEIN SRL CUI: 26313362 0.3% WASVAL SRL CUI: 17946195 0.2% IODERMAR SRL CUI: 30506159 0.0% ECOPEST EXPERT SRL CUI: 42477910 0.0% 2 further suppliers 0.1%
SPITALUL CLINIC MUNICIPAL DE URGENTA TIMISOARA CUI: 4483447 909 Whole period 15,517,048 14,989,644 510,844 16,560 48 6,478 7,005 ACKROBAT PROFESIONAL SRL CUI: 31436248 82.9%
ACKROBAT PROFESIONAL SRL CUI: 31436248 82.9% ECOMID-SERV SRL CUI: 9921394 10.9% GROUP VELSTAND SRL CUI: 28553116 4.3% DERATIM TIMIS SRL CUI: 33387940 0.8% ARCO SAUBER SRL CUI: 37094934 0.6% 6 further suppliers 0.5%
INSTITUTUL REGIONAL DE ONCOLOGIE IASI CUI: 29067408 909 Whole period 10,539,227 10,205,656 271,556 62,015 112 6,478 9,625 CLEANIKA SRL CUI: 25261346 98.1%
CLEANIKA SRL CUI: 25261346 98.1% WASVAL SRL CUI: 17946195 0.8% SCHITCU FLORIN-GRIGORE INTREPRINDERE INDIVIDUALA CUI: 30569238 0.6% ECOPEST EXPERT SRL CUI: 42477910 0.4% LUC GUARD SL SRL CUI: 13771368 0.1% 3 further suppliers 0.1%
MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE CUI: 4038806 909 Whole period 9,175,511 8,410,630 499,009 265,872 49 6,478 8,434 CORAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 4986244 91.7%
CORAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 4986244 91.7% MIXT SERVICE SRL CUI: 647857 4.2% BUG EXTERMINATOR SRL CUI: 37456406 3.8% ABEONA IMPEX SRL CUI: 5490388 0.2% INNOVA ZOLA SRL CUI: 47012702 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
SPITALUL CLINIC MUNICIPAL CUI: 4547117 909 Whole period 8,836,265 7,909,340 926,604 321 49 6,478 8,252 CLEANIKA SRL CUI: 25261346 90.5%
CLEANIKA SRL CUI: 25261346 90.5% MARION GRUP SRL CUI: 16390660 7.8% G K H MEDICAL SRL CUI: 36158630 1.4% MEGAMIX COMIMPEX SRL CUI: 5227617 0.3% HOTEX SRL CUI: 38753146 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
AUTORITATEA PENTRU SUPRAVEGHEREA SI PROTECTIA ANIMALELOR CUI: 27243460 909 Whole period 8,770,194 7,687,432 905,512 177,250 74 6,478 7,903 PENITENCIARUL BUCURESTI RAHOVA CUI: 9941693 88.7%
PENITENCIARUL BUCURESTI RAHOVA CUI: 9941693 88.7% COMPREST DINAMIC SERV SRL CUI: 25946064 5.1% PAFLORA IMPEX SRL CUI: 393112 3.5% ACTIV TOP CONSULTING DDD SRL CUI: 39333442 1.2% DDD CONSTANCE PERFECT CLEAN SRL CUI: 29210566 0.7% 2 further suppliers 0.8%
ORASUL JIMBOLIA CUI: 2502763 909 Whole period 8,529,580 8,498,020 31,560 173 6,478 7,166 PEISAJ HOSTA SRL CUI: 7283303 83.0%
PEISAJ HOSTA SRL CUI: 7283303 83.0% DERATON SRL CUI: 1800958 16.8% WORK MIXING SRL CUI: 39363664 0.2% TOALETE ECOLOGICE SRL CUI: 18565644 0.0% DANCODA EVAL PROT SRL CUI: 31869365 0.0%
JUDETUL VRANCEA CUI: 4350394 909 Whole period 7,715,680 6,961,206 542,483 211,991 71 6,478 8,103 DEEP SERV 2000 SRL CUI: 12732417 89.7%
DEEP SERV 2000 SRL CUI: 12732417 89.7% DERATI SERV SRL CUI: 17889553 6.3% GRUP SERV SRL CUI: 20825479 3.2% DERATINSECT CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 40229900 0.7% DRAMAR DERATIZARI SRL CUI: 26100968 0.2%
COMUNA MOGOSOAIA CUI: 4420830 909 Whole period 6,409,580 6,409,580 40 6,478 9,992 DDD WORK CLEAN SRL CUI: 31794750 100.0%
DDD WORK CLEAN SRL CUI: 31794750 100.0% WATERRA BUSINESS CONCEPT SRL CUI: 51415630 0.0%
COMPANIA APA BRASOV SA CUI: 1096128 909 Whole period 6,371,574 5,326,349 1,027,556 17,669 100 6,478 7,701 MOSSLEIN SRL CUI: 26313362 87.5%
MOSSLEIN SRL CUI: 26313362 87.5% SERVICIUL PUBLIC JUDETEAN DE PROTECTIE A PLANTELOR BRASOV CUI: 13792077 6.2% BRAVLIX SRL CUI: 23626055 3.0% ECHIPA HORSE SRL CUI: 11679374 1.8% MINISAL 2018 SRL CUI: 38693320 0.6% 4 further suppliers 0.9%
MUNICIPIUL BAIA MARE CUI: 3627692 909 Whole period 4,822,358 4,502,940 319,418 34 6,478 9,939 BUSINESS MB EXIM SRL CUI: 10009341 99.7%
BUSINESS MB EXIM SRL CUI: 10009341 99.7% MEDINET HYGIENE CONSULTING SRL CUI: 18223129 0.2% TERAPLAST COM SRL CUI: 6314509 0.1% TOP CLIMSERV SRL CUI: 17198507 0.1% CONSILIUL LOCAL - SERVICIUL PUBLIC AMBIENT URBAN CUI: 13962147 0.0%
EXPLOATARE SISTEM ZONAL PRAHOVA SA CUI: 18856244 909 Whole period 4,104,264 3,796,190 284,355 23,719 55 6,478 8,655 MOSSLEIN SRL CUI: 26313362 92.9%
MOSSLEIN SRL CUI: 26313362 92.9% RODAV CLEAN SRL CUI: 15225559 3.7% LIBELL SERV IMPEX SRL CUI: 9785705 1.4% CORAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 4986244 1.2% AREF WASH SRL CUI: 26690907 0.5% 2 further suppliers 0.4%
MUNICIPIUL TURDA CUI: 4378930 909 Whole period 3,376,239 3,228,525 147,714 87 6,478 9,152 DDD INSECTO SRL CUI: 34426060 95.6%
DDD INSECTO SRL CUI: 34426060 95.6% MASTER CLEAN DELUXE SRL CUI: 38563982 1.9% DOMENIUL PUBLIC TURDA SA CUI: 201250 1.2% STONE CARE SRL CUI: 31190614 0.6% PRO MASTER BUILDING SRL CUI: 41421589 0.6% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC CF NR2 BUCURESTI CUI: 4505316 909 Whole period 3,234,164 2,034,560 1,199,604 96 6,478 8,015 DES EXPERT SOLUTION SRL CUI: 28337929 89.2%
DES EXPERT SOLUTION SRL CUI: 28337929 89.2% ROMPARDOSELI SRL CUI: 24819119 6.4% PREVENT TEAM SRL CUI: 36322910 4.0% SAPACO 2000 SA CUI: 12358950 0.2% ALCA MIRAL SRL CUI: 30257635 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
MINISTERUL AFACERILOR EXTERNE CUI: 4266863 909 Whole period 3,167,481 2,698,344 404,187 64,950 69 6,478 7,351 FABI TOTAL GRUP SRL CUI: 15556234 85.2%
FABI TOTAL GRUP SRL CUI: 15556234 85.2% EUROTOTAL COMP SRL CUI: 5324539 7.4% DDD CONSTANCE PERFECT CLEAN SRL CUI: 29210566 6.1% STANDARD MOB DESIGN SRL CUI: 15630110 0.7% AUR ALPIN MEDIA SRL CUI: 34806965 0.5% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
MINISTERUL MEDIULUI APELOR SI PADURILOR CUI: 16335444 909 Whole period 3,131,911 2,668,734 463,177 35 6,478 8,283 FABI TOTAL GRUP SRL CUI: 15556234 90.6%
FABI TOTAL GRUP SRL CUI: 15556234 90.6% ANIVERSARII IMOB CONSULT SRL CUI: 36301624 8.5% DDD CONSTANCE PERFECT CLEAN SRL CUI: 29210566 0.7% STANDARD MOB DESIGN SRL CUI: 15630110 0.1% SKYWORKS DRONES SRL CUI: 42487182 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
COMUNA GIROC CUI: 5390613 909 Whole period 3,088,478 3,088,478 41 6,478 9,159 DERATON SRL CUI: 1800958 95.7%
DERATON SRL CUI: 1800958 95.7% AEP BIO CLEAN SRL CUI: 36854543 3.2% GIROCEANA SRL CUI: 14717383 0.5% ARIMPEX SRL CUI: 1822000 0.4% JARDINERA CIURARIU SRL CUI: 46282651 0.3%

1-19 of 19 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API