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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

17

Money in flagged markets

187.18 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

8,653

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
SERVICIUL PUBLIC DE EXPLOATARE A PATRIMONIULUI MUNICIPIULUI PITESTI CUI: 18812396 797 Whole period 35,833,835 35,058,173 775,662 60 2,022 8,238 MS SECURITY SERVRAPID SRL CUI: 30754170 90.4%
MS SECURITY SERVRAPID SRL CUI: 30754170 90.4% SOIMUL SECURITI PROTECT SRL CUI: 32150545 8.6% MAGIC SAFE SECURITY SRL CUI: 23875641 1.0%
DIRECTIA GENERALA REGIONALA A FINANTELOR PUBLICE BUCURESTI CUI: 4193117 797 Whole period 25,925,958 25,888,714 37,244 68 2,022 9,971 INTEGRA GUARD SRL CUI: 31003163 99.9%
INTEGRA GUARD SRL CUI: 31003163 99.9% SMART IMPEX DISTRIBUTION SRL CUI: 31284336 0.1% EVOTRACKING SRL CUI: 24974708 0.0%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA SI PROTECTIA COPILULUI SECTOR 1 CUI: 15318810 797 Whole period 14,929,266 14,507,066 422,200 44 2,022 9,540 TIGER SECURITY SERVICES SA CUI: 33326284 97.6%
TIGER SECURITY SERVICES SA CUI: 33326284 97.6% CON-INSTAL ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 18110235 2.4%
JUDETUL VRANCEA CUI: 4350394 797 Whole period 14,541,051 14,478,767 62,284 39 2,022 7,396 DIALFA SECURITY SRL CUI: 13818436 84.9%
DIALFA SECURITY SRL CUI: 13818436 84.9% X SERV SRL CUI: 26150770 13.4% LEX PROTECT BUZAU SRL CUI: 4595335 1.2% FAMILY SECURITY COMPANY SRL CUI: 27426157 0.2% UMO GUARD SRL CUI: 8930750 0.2% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
MUZEUL NATIONAL AL SATULUI DIMITRIE GUSTI CUI: 4754848 797 Whole period 14,117,104 13,856,921 260,183 33 2,022 7,228 BLUE CORP SECURITY SRL CUI: 19262401 83.8%
BLUE CORP SECURITY SRL CUI: 19262401 83.8% ARROW SECURITY SRL CUI: 18011894 14.4% EMPO SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 27895862 1.8%
UNIVERSITATEA OVIDIUS DIN CONSTANTA CUI: 4301332 797 Whole period 13,389,383 12,740,133 579,250 70,000 58 2,022 8,371 ALFARO SECURITY SRL CUI: 18164600 91.3%
ALFARO SECURITY SRL CUI: 18164600 91.3% DIALFA SECURITY SRL CUI: 13818436 5.4% TOTAL PRIVATE GUARD SRL CUI: 5739609 2.0% ATLAS RESEARCH SRL CUI: 24341951 0.7% I&P PROJECT & CONSULTING SRL CUI: 38473880 0.5% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
SALPITFLOR GREEN SA CUI: 27393335 797 Whole period 10,191,700 10,155,248 26,012 10,440 54 2,022 9,929 SOIMUL SECURITI PROTECT SRL CUI: 32150545 99.6%
SOIMUL SECURITI PROTECT SRL CUI: 32150545 99.6% QUARTZ SECURITY CONTROLS SRL CUI: 16717762 0.4%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA MAVROMATI BOTOSANI CUI: 4557951 797 Whole period 9,368,578 6,007,357 550,796 2,810,425 50 2,022 7,062 REAL PROTECTION GUARD SRL CUI: 14576560 82.5%
REAL PROTECTION GUARD SRL CUI: 14576560 82.5% SGPI SECURITY FORCE SRL CUI: 24452844 15.7% DIRECTIA DE SANATATE PUBLICA CUI: 11321693 1.6% APAVITAL SA CUI: 1959768 0.1% NOVA APASERV SA CUI: 26161230 0.0%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA SI PROTECTIA COPILULUI GORJ CUI: 9247854 797 Whole period 8,061,224 7,937,709 82,119 41,396 51 2,022 10,000 TMG GUARD SRL CUI: 35469698 100.0%
TMG GUARD SRL CUI: 35469698 100.0%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA SI PROTECTIA COPILULUI CUI: 9759188 797 Whole period 8,052,179 6,910,532 1,068,645 73,002 55 2,022 8,008 TMG GUARD SRL CUI: 35469698 89.1%
TMG GUARD SRL CUI: 35469698 89.1% ALFA SECURITY SERVICE SRL CUI: 16615886 8.4% SCUT NOVADOR SRL CUI: 35569697 2.4% MARSPLUS SRL CUI: 24570220 0.2%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA BACAU CUI: 4278728 797 Whole period 7,067,893 6,720,024 255,332 92,537 40 2,022 10,000 AZIA SECURITY SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 954207 100.0%
AZIA SECURITY SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 954207 100.0%
TRANSPORT CALATORI EXPRESS SA CUI: 1355770 797 Whole period 5,438,132 1,441,380 2,719 3,994,033 45 2,022 9,899 SPARTA GUARD SECURITY SRL CUI: 18687242 99.5%
SPARTA GUARD SECURITY SRL CUI: 18687242 99.5% BRD - GROUPE SOCIETE GENERALE SA - BUCURESTI SUCURSALA PLOIESTI CUI: 1364859 0.3% UPABLE TECH SRL CUI: 52170881 0.1% RECOP RECYCLING SRL CUI: 31066129 0.1% BANCA COMERCIALA ROMANA SA CUI: 361757 0.0% 3 further suppliers 0.1%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA SI PROTECTIA COPILULUI CUI: 17094026 797 Whole period 5,306,655 3,822,620 1,484,035 89 2,022 7,383 VALAHIA GUARD SECURITY SRL CUI: 29109759 84.5%
VALAHIA GUARD SECURITY SRL CUI: 29109759 84.5% SGPI SECURITY FORCE SRL CUI: 24452844 15.5%
CENTRUL NATIONAL DE CARTOGRAFIE CUI: 14057015 797 Whole period 4,281,182 3,985,363 139,488 156,331 44 2,022 9,641 UNITED DEFENSE GROUP SRL CUI: 33510383 98.2%
UNITED DEFENSE GROUP SRL CUI: 33510383 98.2% PREVENT INTELIGENT SECURITY SRL CUI: 30456980 1.2% TECHNO CERT CONSULTING SRL CUI: 22163645 0.6%
SOCIETATEA DE SERVICII PUBLICE MUNICIPALE BACAU SA CUI: 36886430 797 Whole period 3,788,514 1,392,027 2,396,487 34 2,022 7,251 MICROENERG SRL CUI: 8461794 84.0%
MICROENERG SRL CUI: 8461794 84.0% PRODBAC SECURITY SRL CUI: 11827080 14.0% MICROENERG SECURITY SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 33594716 2.0% AZIA SECURITY SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 954207 0.0%
MUZEUL NATIONAL AL LITERATURII ROMANE CUI: 4192510 797 Whole period 3,632,426 3,276,545 355,881 31 2,022 8,767 ELITE STEWARD SAS SRL CUI: 29801201 93.5%
ELITE STEWARD SAS SRL CUI: 29801201 93.5% DRAGOSTAL SECURITY SRL CUI: 32137953 4.7% RPG SECURITY CENTER SRL CUI: 9394294 1.8% LPV SERVICE CONSULT SRL CUI: 24812099 0.0%
ATENEUL NATIONAL DIN IASI CUI: 16070835 797 Whole period 3,258,817 3,232,629 26,188 88 2,022 7,741 MTS SECURITATE SRL CUI: 31544207 87.1%
MTS SECURITATE SRL CUI: 31544207 87.1% HEXAGON SECURITY SRL CUI: 50569488 12.5% MOLID TEHNIC SERVICE SRL CUI: 24961414 0.4%

1-17 of 17 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API