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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

16

Money in flagged markets

165.58 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

7,942

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
UM 0296 BUCURESTI CUI: 14381010 722 Whole period 53,801,649 53,563,753 237,896 64 6,623 8,527 ORACLE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 15058256 92.2%
ORACLE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 15058256 92.2% CENTRUL TERITORIAL DE CALCUL ELECTRONIC SA CUI: 2040729 3.9% Q-EAST SOFTWARE SRL CUI: 14289821 2.1% PRAGMA COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 3164881 0.7% ARCTIC STREAM SA CUI: 38114908 0.4% 6 further suppliers 0.7%
COMPANIA NATIONALA IMPRIMERIA NATIONALA SA CUI: 2779625 722 Whole period 25,138,529 22,402,620 2,545,229 190,680 142 6,623 7,166 KONTRON SERVICES ROMANIA SRL CUI: 5175054 84.0%
KONTRON SERVICES ROMANIA SRL CUI: 5175054 84.0% PRIMATEHNIC SERVICE SRL CUI: 14348324 9.2% ADVICE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SRL CUI: 33870820 4.2% SISTEC BUSINESS SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 16630053 1.4% QUARTZ MATRIX SRL CUI: 5150840 0.5% 4 further suppliers 0.7%
AGENTIA NATIONALA DE CADASTRU SI PUBLICITATE IMOBILIARA CUI: 9051601 722 Whole period 15,282,957 14,369,765 913,192 81 6,623 7,211 ASEE SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 6614131 84.1%
ASEE SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 6614131 84.1% IT ABOUT IT SRL CUI: 35313787 9.9% SOCIETATEA NATIONALA DE INFORMATICA SA CUI: 1556587 6.0% QUARTZ DATA RECOVERY SRL CUI: 22104703 0.0%
AUTORITATEA NATIONALA DE REGLEMENTARE IN DOMENIUL ENERGIEI - ANRE CUI: 11514848 722 Whole period 12,713,889 10,847,078 1,663,514 203,297 41 6,623 7,344 METAMINDS SA CUI: 34770594 85.3%
METAMINDS SA CUI: 34770594 85.3% CENTRUL TERITORIAL DE CALCUL ELECTRONIC SA CUI: 2040729 7.3% IMPLEMENT 24SOFTWARE SRL CUI: 33462936 2.3% XBM SMART SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 38504960 1.9% HEADLIGHT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 31993133 1.2% 7 further suppliers 2.0%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA MAVROMATI BOTOSANI CUI: 4557951 722 Whole period 9,138,318 8,337,550 676,871 123,897 72 6,623 8,786 INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 93.7%
INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 93.7% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 3.4% SMS FEEDBACK SRL CUI: 39565485 1.9% ABG BUSINESS TOOLS SRL CUI: 31647040 1.0% DIALAB SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 23818271 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
ORASUL PUCIOASA CUI: 4280302 722 Whole period 6,383,670 6,294,118 89,552 49 6,623 8,809 ROCONSULT PROIECT SRL CUI: 37121699 93.8%
ROCONSULT PROIECT SRL CUI: 37121699 93.8% DIBALCRIS APPRAISAL SERVICES SRL CUI: 41244983 2.7% INDECO SOFT SRL CUI: 12960504 1.5% ULTRA VISION SRL CUI: 23599317 1.0% SERV CONSULT ENERGIE SRL CUI: 46639100 0.9%
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE RECUPERARE MEDICINA FIZICA SI BALNEOCLIMATOLOGIE CUI: 4266006 722 Whole period 5,669,243 4,895,055 774,188 43 6,623 7,095 VIV SOFT&TRADE SRL CUI: 38781537 83.6%
VIV SOFT&TRADE SRL CUI: 38781537 83.6% GENIUS IT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32160859 8.4% INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 5.7% SECURE EXPERT SOFTWARE SRL CUI: 24167740 2.2% AS-COMPUTER BUCURESTI SRL CUI: 6612114 0.2%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA TARGOVISTE CUI: 4206845 722 Whole period 5,453,309 3,944,300 1,509,009 36 6,623 7,938 ROMANIAN SOFT COMPANY SRL CUI: 13591111 88.9%
ROMANIAN SOFT COMPANY SRL CUI: 13591111 88.9% ROMACTIV BUSINESS CONSULTING SRL CUI: 15203674 4.4% PIXELDATA SRL CUI: 16381432 2.3% SMS FEEDBACK SRL CUI: 39565485 1.8% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 1.2% 8 further suppliers 1.4%
UNITATEA MILITARA UM02489 CUI: 3346980 722 Whole period 5,263,124 4,596,672 666,452 34 6,623 7,729 MAGUAY COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 12167046 87.3%
MAGUAY COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 12167046 87.3% INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 9.9% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 1.6% INNOVATE INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SRL CUI: 25231140 0.7% HEMAT - ROM SRL CUI: 29643 0.3% 2 further suppliers 0.2%
AGENTIA NATIONALA DE TRANSPLANT CUI: 18389505 722 Whole period 5,013,924 4,632,614 379,675 1,635 32 6,623 8,555 CONNECTIONS CONSULT SA CUI: 17753763 92.4%
CONNECTIONS CONSULT SA CUI: 17753763 92.4% PERFORM SOFT DEVELOPMENT SRL CUI: 37574878 3.0% INTERNET COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 17474653 2.7% SECURE EXPERT SOFTWARE SRL CUI: 24167740 1.4% GLOBAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 30434710 0.6% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA PIATRA NEAMT CUI: 2613362 722 Whole period 4,149,710 3,577,350 572,360 43 6,623 7,465 GENIUS IT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32160859 86.2%
GENIUS IT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32160859 86.2% INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 3.6% ROMACTIV BUSINESS CONSULTING SRL CUI: 15203674 2.9% SMS FEEDBACK SRL CUI: 39565485 2.6% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 2.2% 8 further suppliers 2.6%
SPITALUL DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SI PSIHIATRIE BAIA MARE CUI: 3627501 722 Whole period 4,020,310 3,611,000 401,426 7,884 37 6,623 8,126 DIGISED CONECT SRL CUI: 45270993 89.8%
DIGISED CONECT SRL CUI: 45270993 89.8% ROMANIAN SOFT COMPANY SRL CUI: 13591111 7.5% DIGITAL GOVERNANCE CONSULTING SRL CUI: 16357515 1.2% INDECO SOFT SRL CUI: 12960504 0.8% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 0.5% 2 further suppliers 0.2%
SPITALUL DE PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGIE CALARASI CUI: 4294049 722 Whole period 3,729,385 3,268,325 411,046 50,014 56 6,623 7,749 GENIUS IT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32160859 87.6%
GENIUS IT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32160859 87.6% ZAINEA COM SERV SRL CUI: 6674630 7.2% INFO WORLD SRL CUI: 13373052 4.0% SOFT NET SRL CUI: 22725727 0.9% ALFA TOP COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 32836455 0.3% 2 further suppliers 0.0%
MUNICIPIUL BISTRITA CUI: 4347569 722 Whole period 3,538,152 2,901,000 521,252 115,900 49 6,623 7,325 INDECO SOFT SRL CUI: 12960504 85.4%
INDECO SOFT SRL CUI: 12960504 85.4% ASOCIATIA CLUJ IT CUI: 30866506 3.8% GREEN OVEN SRL CUI: 29846653 3.4% IMPRUVEMENT TIME SRL CUI: 36419450 3.2% COMPANIA DE INFORMATICA NEAMT SRL CUI: 6756055 1.5% 6 further suppliers 2.8%
MONITORUL OFICIAL RA CUI: 427282 722 Whole period 3,155,233 2,409,388 162,167 583,678 42 6,623 7,798 FLUENTIS SRL CUI: 24470611 88.0%
FLUENTIS SRL CUI: 24470611 88.0% CANCOM ROMANIA SRL CUI: 25416050 5.8% MAGUAY COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 12167046 4.0% ROMFLEX SISTEM SRL CUI: 16277637 1.1% INFORA MARKETING SRL CUI: 30457218 0.7% 1 further suppliers 0.5%
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL DE URGENTA CARANSEBES CUI: 3228209 722 Whole period 3,125,340 2,383,376 741,964 32 6,623 8,291 ROMANIAN SOFT COMPANY SRL CUI: 13591111 90.9%
ROMANIAN SOFT COMPANY SRL CUI: 13591111 90.9% SYONIC SRL CUI: 17348663 4.4% ADI COM SOFT SRL CUI: 13390096 3.5% PIXELDATA SRL CUI: 16381432 0.5% ASOCIATIA PENTRU CALITATE IN LABORATOARE CALILAB CUI: 19024175 0.4% 1 further suppliers 0.4%

1-16 of 16 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API