The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.
Flagged markets
10
Money in flagged markets
260.49 Mn.
Mean index (money-weighted)
8,119
Flagged markets by year
Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.
Concentrated money, by CPV group
The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.
National concentration index by year
The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.
How it is computed
The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.
- Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
- Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
- Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
- The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
- Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
- Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.
Thresholds
- Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
- At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
- At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
- At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally
The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.
The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.
The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.
| Contracting authority | CPV group | Year | Spent | Awards | Suppliers used | Suppliers in market | HHI | Leading supplier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMPANIA NATIONALA DE CAI FERATE CFR SA CUI: 11054529 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 150,278,854 149,435,919 531,994 310,941 | 247 | 10,396 | 7,800 | HIAROM INVEST SRL CUI: 20507645 87.6% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
HIAROM INVEST SRL CUI: 20507645 87.6%
CONTRAIL MACHINERY SRL CUI: 33845800 11.3%
EXCO TRANSPORT SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 2626508 0.6%
MASCHINENBAU INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 33239200 0.1%
STRICT AQUASERV SRL CUI: 23946467 0.1%
72 further suppliers
0.3%
|
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| AQUACARAS SA CUI: 16868757 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 32,843,781 31,909,212 934,569 | 48 | 10,396 | 7,423 | VESTRA INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 15969249 85.4% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
VESTRA INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 15969249 85.4%
IMOCON SRL CUI: 14936812 10.9%
HIDROMET SRL CUI: 14044619 1.4%
ABSOLUT 2001 SRL CUI: 14418225 0.8%
TITAN TECHNIK AG SRL CUI: 34199944 0.7%
14 further suppliers
0.8%
|
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| COMPANIA DE APA TARGOVISTE-DAMBOVITA SA CUI: 10084149 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 22,195,226 21,650,083 545,143 | 58 | 10,396 | 9,516 | CTE SOLUTION - UTILAJE SPECIALIZATE SRL CUI: 26234021 97.5% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
CTE SOLUTION - UTILAJE SPECIALIZATE SRL CUI: 26234021 97.5%
SYRINX SRL CUI: 516860 0.6%
SABELA PROD SERV SRL CUI: 8052811 0.5%
INSERV AQUA SRL CUI: 14681280 0.3%
NITECH SRL CUI: 13890865 0.3%
16 further suppliers
0.8%
|
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| APA SERV VALEA JIULUI SA CUI: 7392416 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 13,818,692 13,532,000 270,085 16,607 | 225 | 10,396 | 9,359 | SIEMENS SRL CUI: 7614474 96.7% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
SIEMENS SRL CUI: 7614474 96.7%
GRUNDFOS POMPE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 427690 1.2%
VALMA PIESE AUTO SRL CUI: 29056620 0.5%
INSERV AQUA SRL CUI: 14681280 0.5%
HIDROMET SRL CUI: 14044619 0.4%
26 further suppliers
0.7%
|
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| COMPANIA NATIONALA ADMINISTRATIA PORTURILOR MARITIME - SACONSTANTA CUI: 11062831 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 10,572,252 10,061,259 501,067 9,926 | 191 | 10,396 | 9,059 | RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 95.2% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 95.2%
LA FANTANA SRL CUI: 35534516 1.1%
LA FANTANA SRL CUI: 50455254 0.7%
ROMCARBON SA CUI: 1158050 0.6%
DYNAMIC FLUX SRL CUI: 30830049 0.5%
30 further suppliers
2.0%
|
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| UNITATEA MILITARA 01764 CUI: 27124086 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 8,001,663 7,883,895 117,768 | 54 | 10,396 | 9,708 | STIMPEX SA CUI: 326768 98.5% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
STIMPEX SA CUI: 326768 98.5%
PROPARADOX SRL CUI: 16797788 0.5%
SPYSHOP SRL CUI: 25051565 0.2%
SUPERMARKET SERVICE SRL CUI: 21926986 0.2%
DEDEMAN SRL CUI: 2816464 0.1%
18 further suppliers
0.5%
|
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| COMPANIA DE APA OLT SA CUI: 21307548 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 7,181,176 6,256,912 910,384 13,880 | 130 | 10,396 | 7,646 | ELSACO ELECTRONIC SRL CUI: 7464520 87.1% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
ELSACO ELECTRONIC SRL CUI: 7464520 87.1%
TITAN TECHNIK AG SRL CUI: 34199944 7.0%
INSERV AQUA SRL CUI: 14681280 1.7%
GEA WESTFALIA SEPARATOR ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10696660 0.9%
GEA REFRIGERATION ROMANIA SRL CUI: 15099337 0.7%
41 further suppliers
2.6%
|
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| APASERV SATU MARE SA CUI: 16844952 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 6,920,244 6,166,928 393,052 360,264 | 831 | 10,396 | 7,649 | CONTROLSOFT AUTOMATIZARE SRL CUI: 43113615 87.4% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
CONTROLSOFT AUTOMATIZARE SRL CUI: 43113615 87.4%
SIROD SRL CUI: 9801207 2.5%
ALFA LAVAL SRL CUI: 8140611 2.1%
TECHNOSAM SRL CUI: 9524394 1.8%
GEA REFRIGERATION ROMANIA SRL CUI: 15099337 1.0%
56 further suppliers
5.3%
|
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| ADMINISTRATIA NATIONALA A REZERVELOR DE STAT SI PROBLEME SPECIALE - UNITATEA TERITORIALA 425 CUI: 4145365 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 4,357,913 4,326,505 30,946 462 | 36 | 10,396 | 9,857 | TECHNICAL SERVICES GROUP - TSG ROMANIA SRL CUI: 5129660 99.3% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
TECHNICAL SERVICES GROUP - TSG ROMANIA SRL CUI: 5129660 99.3%
FISCAL SERVICE SRL CUI: 16202006 0.6%
KARCHER ROMANIA SRL CUI: 23533592 0.1%
INSERV AQUA SRL CUI: 14681280 0.0%
RADO AUTOSERVICES SRL CUI: 43214040 0.0%
1 further suppliers
0.0%
|
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| JUDETUL MURES CUI: 4322980 | 429 DIVERSE UTILAJE DE UZ GENERAL SI SPECIAL | Whole period | 4,321,407 3,828,792 258,118 234,497 | 31 | 10,396 | 7,889 | PROCESS ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 16217333 88.6% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
PROCESS ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 16217333 88.6%
CRPOS SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 18662140 4.9%
ROMCRONOS MOLDOVA SRL CUI: 34645400 3.7%
CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 21867669 0.9%
ECO COMTECH SRL CUI: 30156339 0.4%
17 further suppliers
1.5%
|
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- Contracting authority
- The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
- CPV group
- The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
- Year
- The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
- Spent
- The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
- Awards
- How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
- Suppliers used
- How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
- Suppliers in market
- How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
- HHI
- The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
- Leading supplier
- The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.
The same data, through the API
Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.
/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years/api/v1/red-flags/overview/years/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend