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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

16

Money in flagged markets

588.68 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

8,077

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
COMPANIA NATIONALA AEROPORTURI BUCURESTI SA CUI: 26490194 351 Whole period 380,810,416 380,214,632 509,444 86,340 81 8,974 7,661 TRIDENT SERVICII SI MENTENANTA SA CUI: 16933677 87.3%
TRIDENT SERVICII SI MENTENANTA SA CUI: 16933677 87.3% MAGUS PROTECT TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 39747673 4.9% UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 2.8% MIRA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP SRL CUI: 24526828 2.3% MB TELECOM-LTD SRL CUI: 6612564 2.1% 34 further suppliers 0.7%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA AEROPORTUL INTERNATIONAL MIHAIL KOGALNICEANU-CONSTANTA SA CUI: 11212645 351 Whole period 48,631,447 48,300,046 315,390 16,011 46 8,974 9,405 MAGUS PROTECT TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 39747673 97.0%
MAGUS PROTECT TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 39747673 97.0% BUSINESS PLUS SRL CUI: 15732322 1.9% UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 0.4% PCZONE ONLINE DISTRIBUTIE SRL CUI: 27073608 0.3% MOUNTAIN INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES SRL CUI: 1127682 0.1% 19 further suppliers 0.3%
CURTEA DE CONTURI A ROMANIEI CUI: 4265922 351 Whole period 34,569,910 34,010,463 305,141 254,306 144 8,974 9,656 RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 98.3%
RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 98.3% AB-EL SRL CUI: 5113779 0.3% ROM TECH SRL CUI: 8944055 0.2% DNS BIROTICA SRL CUI: 16310679 0.2% RGB ELECTRONICE PROTECT SYSTEM SRL CUI: 38767389 0.1% 82 further suppliers 1.0%
MUNICIPIUL CLUJ-NAPOCA CUI: 4305857 351 Whole period 33,946,765 33,036,436 910,329 76 8,974 9,089 RDD SECURITY SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 31087768 95.3%
RDD SECURITY SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 31087768 95.3% ORANGE ROMANIA COMMUNICATIONS SA CUI: 427320 2.8% MIRACULICS MEDIA SRL CUI: 30089507 0.7% GIROD SEMNALIZARE RUTIERA SRL CUI: 16997131 0.6% PP PROTECT SECURITY SRL CUI: 32401540 0.2% 10 further suppliers 0.4%
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL CARITAS CUI: 4568004 351 Whole period 16,754,551 16,262,867 491,684 55 8,974 8,054 AXIOMA MEDICAL SRL CUI: 43152371 89.5%
AXIOMA MEDICAL SRL CUI: 43152371 89.5% CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT SRL CUI: 35671513 6.7% OXCART MEDICAL SRL CUI: 42146398 0.9% DELUXE MEDICRAFTS SRL CUI: 18035010 0.8% LIMAS GROUP SRL CUI: 11013782 0.6% 23 further suppliers 1.6%
BANCA NATIONALA A ROMANIEI CUI: 361684 351 Whole period 13,963,334 13,275,067 77,020 611,247 73 8,974 7,386 GLOBAL OPERATION CENTER SA CUI: 38481947 85.7%
GLOBAL OPERATION CENTER SA CUI: 38481947 85.7% DATA CORE SYSTEMS SA CUI: 30366560 5.9% CASIDO SRL CUI: 4183377 1.4% OPTIMA GROUP SRL CUI: 14735487 1.2% ABAU TEHNIK CONSULT SRL CUI: 33543097 1.2% 40 further suppliers 4.7%
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL MANGALIA CUI: 4515441 351 Whole period 8,423,654 7,671,900 751,754 152 8,974 8,241 AXIOMA MEDICAL SRL CUI: 43152371 90.7%
AXIOMA MEDICAL SRL CUI: 43152371 90.7% SORSTE SA CUI: 6704250 2.9% DEMOTEKS MEDIKAL SRL CUI: 36623212 1.8% CODESCU STEFAN INTREPRINDERE INDIVIDUALA CUI: 26202054 1.6% KLEVIS GRAFI DESIGN SRL CUI: 18756210 0.7% 33 further suppliers 2.3%
AUTORITATEA NATIONALA PENTRU ADMINISTRARE SI REGLEMENTARE IN COMUNICATII CUI: 14751237 351 Whole period 8,313,292 7,694,996 386,049 232,247 83 8,974 8,302 AMBRO LOGISTIC SRL CUI: 20914525 91.0%
AMBRO LOGISTIC SRL CUI: 20914525 91.0% ROTRONIC IMPEX SRL CUI: 3885705 3.3% URBAN ESPACE SRL CUI: 34344718 2.0% PRODENERGO SERVICE SRL CUI: 17677003 1.6% ALPIN EXPE SRL CUI: 15048546 0.7% 28 further suppliers 1.4%
REGIA AUTONOMA AEROPORTUL ORADEA CUI: 73452 351 Whole period 8,102,831 7,950,113 151,878 840 41 8,974 8,030 EMP TRADE SRL CUI: 6544850 89.5%
EMP TRADE SRL CUI: 6544850 89.5% BUSINESS PLUS SRL CUI: 15732322 3.2% UTI GRUP SRL CUI: 5394305 2.4% MIRA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP SRL CUI: 24526828 1.7% MB TELECOM-LTD SRL CUI: 6612564 0.8% 22 further suppliers 2.5%
MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE CUI: 4038806 351 Whole period 6,844,191 6,709,857 79,101 55,233 55 8,974 9,613 ORANGE ROMANIA SA CUI: 9010105 98.0%
ORANGE ROMANIA SA CUI: 9010105 98.0% GEODATA ENTERPRISE SRL CUI: 24203037 0.8% ELECTRO PRONTO SRL CUI: 8051344 0.8% ALSTING SERVCOM SRL CUI: 35095429 0.2% ALSTING SERVICII SRL CUI: 30511899 0.1% 5 further suppliers 0.2%
SPITALUL CLINIC DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SI PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGIE VICTOR BABES CRAIOVA CUI: 4417060 351 Whole period 5,997,339 5,856,971 140,368 30 8,974 7,305 DELUXE MEDICRAFTS SRL CUI: 18035010 84.5%
DELUXE MEDICRAFTS SRL CUI: 18035010 84.5% ARTISANA MEDICAL SRL CUI: 22742850 13.1% ZETMAN KRAFT SRL CUI: 33028695 0.8% NETIX COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 11737084 0.7% STIP PRODEXPO SRL CUI: 6556286 0.6% 3 further suppliers 0.4%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA SI PROTECTIA COPILULUI CUI: 16762887 351 Whole period 5,767,385 5,636,154 131,231 42 8,974 8,328 ATLAS MEDICAL SRL CUI: 42958255 91.1%
ATLAS MEDICAL SRL CUI: 42958255 91.1% DECAS SRL CUI: 23553077 4.4% NERAMO DISTRIBUTION SRL CUI: 16174216 2.3% FIRE & RESCUE SERVICES SRL CUI: 26980200 0.6% INSTAL SOMET SA CUI: 6653904 0.4% 19 further suppliers 1.2%
COMPANIA DE APA SA CUI: 22987337 351 Whole period 5,061,149 4,084,926 976,223 100 8,974 8,123 PROCESS ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 16217333 90.0%
PROCESS ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 16217333 90.0% HACH LANGE SRL CUI: 17610720 5.3% ENVIROTRONIC SRL CUI: 21898177 1.6% EXPERT FIRE SRL CUI: 22610310 1.4% EUROSTING AAW INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 28126646 0.7% 14 further suppliers 1.2%
UNITATEA MILITARA 01812 CUI: 24352365 351 Whole period 4,481,242 3,822,924 657,405 913 46 8,974 7,309 MICROCIP ELECTRONICS SRL CUI: 20416598 85.3%
MICROCIP ELECTRONICS SRL CUI: 20416598 85.3% EUROSTING AAW INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 28126646 3.7% INSTAL SOMET SA CUI: 6653904 3.1% GEFIL SRL CUI: 11737718 1.9% ORIZONT GROUP SRL CUI: 22057423 1.3% 21 further suppliers 4.7%
ADMINISTRATIA NATIONALA A REZERVELOR DE STAT SI PROBLEME SPECIALE - UNITATEA TERITORIALA 425 CUI: 4145365 351 Whole period 3,513,654 3,216,058 297,596 44 8,974 9,247 METINSTAL SRL CUI: 14448110 96.1%
METINSTAL SRL CUI: 14448110 96.1% PEVA SOLPREVEND SRL CUI: 43653810 1.7% ANTEU SRL CUI: 8352223 1.6% PROSALV SRL CUI: 6445431 0.4% ROSTING FIRE INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 32433339 0.1% 4 further suppliers 0.1%
UNITATEA MILITARA 01751 CUI: 4443337 351 Whole period 3,498,788 3,332,000 166,788 61 8,974 9,078 CIVITAS SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 16229923 95.2%
CIVITAS SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 16229923 95.2% TEHNOSTING ECHIPAMENTE SRL CUI: 14552307 2.9% ATU TECH SRL CUI: 29104875 0.6% DACONA SRL CUI: 3583545 0.4% CONCEPT FIRE SISTEM SRL CUI: 36192241 0.2% 15 further suppliers 0.7%

1-16 of 16 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API