Skip to content

Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

18

Money in flagged markets

321.74 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

8,697

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
SERVICIUL DE TELECOMUNICATII SPECIALE CUI: 4267230 349 Whole period 111,108,479 109,621,952 1,308,499 178,028 211 18,115 9,734 STARC4SYS SRL CUI: 31340215 98.7%
STARC4SYS SRL CUI: 31340215 98.7% SHOWMINE TECH SRL CUI: 29021362 0.3% KATALIZATOR SRL CUI: 33910738 0.2% DOORMATIC SERVICE SRL CUI: 33062450 0.1% EVOLIO AUTOMOTIVE SRL CUI: 31682021 0.1% 79 further suppliers 0.7%
REGIA AUTONOMA ADMINISTRATIA FLUVIALA A DUNARII DE JOS GALATI CUI: 1644670 349 Whole period 38,789,656 38,218,145 517,987 53,524 91 18,115 9,338 NAVTRON SRL CUI: 11098746 96.6%
NAVTRON SRL CUI: 11098746 96.6% MODERN POWER SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 29974172 2.0% LUXCONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 17672995 0.5% VOLTA MARINE SRL CUI: 23271475 0.2% DRUSHTAG STAMPA SRL CUI: 41411518 0.1% 47 further suppliers 0.6%
MUNICIPIUL PIATRA-NEAMT CUI: 2612790 349 Whole period 32,706,299 31,137,424 1,185,234 383,641 41 18,115 7,036 SWARCO TRAFFIC ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8018950 83.0%
SWARCO TRAFFIC ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8018950 83.0% FLASH LIGHTING SERVICES SA CUI: 13845929 12.3% BELMAR PROD SRL CUI: 24096941 1.1% PARKO MOBILITY SRL CUI: 50002261 0.8% WEST MOLD INVEST SRL CUI: 44541300 0.7% 24 further suppliers 2.2%
SALUBRIZARE TIMISOARA SRL CUI: 51241348 349 Whole period 20,221,102 18,894,692 1,169,283 157,127 74 18,115 7,342 BT BEST TOOLS COMPANY SRL CUI: 18378344 85.4%
BT BEST TOOLS COMPANY SRL CUI: 18378344 85.4% HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 5.0% AIC RENT SRL CUI: 50818112 4.7% SALZBERGWERK RESSOURCEN UND INVESTITIONEN SRL CUI: 32322853 2.3% RUD FLORIAN RIEGER SRL CUI: 15721889 1.3% 25 further suppliers 1.4%
DRUMURI-PODURI MARAMURES SA CUI: 10783082 349 Whole period 17,589,725 17,203,083 374,822 11,820 31 18,115 8,892 SOCIETATEA NATIONALA A SARII SA CUI: 1590430 94.3%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA A SARII SA CUI: 1590430 94.3% PARAPETI ROGER SRL CUI: 31595847 2.1% AEROKLIMA SRL CUI: 15388858 1.2% KISSUNICUM PRODUCTIE SRL CUI: 43063991 1.1% LOIAL IMPEX SRL CUI: 3176126 0.4% 9 further suppliers 1.0%
MUNICIPIUL MIERCUREA-CIUC CUI: 4245747 349 Whole period 15,988,686 13,973,778 949,803 1,065,105 52 18,115 7,000 CONTROLSOFT AUTOMATIZARE SRL CUI: 43113615 83.3%
CONTROLSOFT AUTOMATIZARE SRL CUI: 43113615 83.3% PARKDEKOR SRL CUI: 18192715 6.4% ELECTRIC-INST SRL CUI: 15922718 4.1% KISSUNICUM PRODUCTIE SRL CUI: 43063991 1.8% BOTH-FODOR ANDRAS PERSOANA FIZICA AUTORIZATA CUI: 39170957 1.0% 7 further suppliers 3.5%
AUTORITATEA VAMALA ROMANA CUI: 45789320 349 Whole period 15,562,036 15,246,998 289,944 25,094 138 18,115 9,600 RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 98.0%
RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 98.0% ATELIER TURBOSUFLANTE SRL CUI: 40996996 0.6% LEMINGS SRL CUI: 12039551 0.3% AUTO EUROPA SRL CUI: 6725652 0.2% PRO SIGN SRL CUI: 14569473 0.2% 29 further suppliers 0.6%
AEROPORTUL INTERNATIONAL GEORGE ENESCU BACAU RA CUI: 4278841 349 Whole period 13,377,295 11,655,970 1,717,009 4,316 97 18,115 7,318 UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 85.4%
UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 85.4% MIHAI MARIA CUI: 124416 2.7% STARCKROM TEHNOLOGII SRL CUI: 15400498 2.7% TRUST GP SRL CUI: 42618660 2.2% RAVCOM GLOBAL SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 44091345 1.9% 28 further suppliers 5.2%
AEROPORTUL SATU MARE RA CUI: 642787 349 Whole period 9,982,286 9,020,769 654,765 306,752 217 18,115 7,470 HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 86.3%
HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 86.3% CITY ARHISTRUCTURE SRL CUI: 39840658 3.1% MOUNTAIN INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES SRL CUI: 1127682 2.4% MDD GSE SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 38063111 2.3% KADRA TECH SRL CUI: 17696129 1.8% 45 further suppliers 4.1%
SOCIETATEA DE REPARATII LOCOMOTIVE CFR- SCRL BRASOV SA CUI: 14257595 349 Whole period 9,411,368 8,577,627 832,225 1,516 231 18,115 8,327 TEHMIN-BRASOV SRL CUI: 15051207 91.1%
TEHMIN-BRASOV SRL CUI: 15051207 91.1% IRON DINAMIC SRL CUI: 39608926 4.2% MECANO STRONG SRL CUI: 37750648 1.1% PROINVEST GROUP SRL CUI: 13417272 0.6% SCHUNK CARBON TECHNOLOGY SRL CUI: 11285329 0.6% 22 further suppliers 2.4%
REGIA AUTONOMA AEROPORTUL TRANSILVANIA-TARGU MURES CUI: 4276000 349 Whole period 6,305,700 5,931,329 368,559 5,812 133 18,115 8,533 HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 92.3%
HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 92.3% KADRA TECH SRL CUI: 17696129 2.3% GRAFIS ART SRL CUI: 4727533 1.6% AEROCHROM SRL CUI: 22006837 0.7% BUSINESS PLUS SRL CUI: 15732322 0.5% 44 further suppliers 2.6%
ADMINISTRATIA SERVICIULUI PUBLIC DE SALUBRIZARE SECTOR 6 CUI: 46259209 349 Whole period 5,652,385 4,815,200 837,185 34 18,115 7,340 CTE SOLUTION - UTILAJE SPECIALIZATE SRL CUI: 26234021 85.4%
CTE SOLUTION - UTILAJE SPECIALIZATE SRL CUI: 26234021 85.4% BOUTAGHANE CONSULTING SRL CUI: 32670785 4.9% BILTRADE IMPEX SRL CUI: 38946830 4.8% EUROMBEST BUSINESS SRL CUI: 34326002 1.8% GRADINARIU IMPORT EXPORT SRL CUI: 5348490 1.3% 7 further suppliers 1.9%
REGIA AUTONOMA AEROPORTUL DELTA DUNARII TULCEA RA CUI: 2647128 349 Whole period 5,361,600 4,866,555 488,210 6,835 64 18,115 8,323 HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 91.2%
HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 91.2% COL-AIR AIRPORT SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 38262629 2.5% GIA TECHNOLOGY SRL CUI: 14786456 2.2% ATSA INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 17047970 1.5% PREMIUM LIFT DISTRIBUTION SRL CUI: 41880557 0.8% 24 further suppliers 1.8%
AEROPORTUL ARAD SA CUI: 5752187 349 Whole period 4,459,739 4,202,000 248,534 9,205 128 18,115 7,914 HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 88.8%
HELVE AVIATECH SRL CUI: 27562973 88.8% ACME SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 17774138 5.7% ICCO INSTAL SRL CUI: 15726584 1.2% METRIC STORE SRL CUI: 32627050 1.1% BUSINESS PLUS SRL CUI: 15732322 0.9% 29 further suppliers 2.3%
ORASUL BICAZ CUI: 2614392 349 Whole period 4,166,359 3,990,436 175,923 30 18,115 9,176 ELBI ELECTRIC & LIGHTING SRL CUI: 17412685 95.8%
ELBI ELECTRIC & LIGHTING SRL CUI: 17412685 95.8% BLACHERE ILLUMINATION ROMANIA SRL CUI: 27304389 1.0% VASMI IMPEX SRL CUI: 7146977 0.7% DNS BIROTICA SRL CUI: 16310679 0.5% KATEL SEMNALIZARE RUTIERA SRL CUI: 41199858 0.4% 10 further suppliers 1.6%
MUNICIPIUL CARACAL CUI: 4395175 349 Whole period 4,100,568 3,749,955 350,613 46 18,115 8,378 PPC ENERGIE SA CUI: 22000460 91.5%
PPC ENERGIE SA CUI: 22000460 91.5% POLICOLOR EXIM SRL CUI: 6258590 2.7% BNB SRL CUI: 1540203 2.0% CASA DE COMERT DONA SRL CUI: 25870764 1.7% SOCIETATEA NATIONALA A SARII SA CUI: 1590430 0.7% 15 further suppliers 1.5%
AGENTIA ROMANA DE SALVARE A VIETII OMENESTI PE MARE CUI: 16330145 349 Whole period 3,847,571 3,754,760 92,811 130 18,115 9,525 ACTION PETROLEUM GROUP SRL CUI: 17639654 97.6%
ACTION PETROLEUM GROUP SRL CUI: 17639654 97.6% TURBO MARINE SRL CUI: 30062293 0.9% ULTRAMON PLUS SRL CUI: 14490859 0.6% VERDE MOTORS SRL CUI: 22373000 0.4% TRITON SRL CUI: 7424364 0.2% 11 further suppliers 0.3%
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE CERCETARE-DEZVOLTARE IN SILVICULTURA MARIN DRACEA CUI: 34638446 349 Whole period 3,106,787 2,620,689 486,098 182 18,115 7,318 AGRO ELECTROSISTEMS SRL CUI: 35656610 85.4%
AGRO ELECTROSISTEMS SRL CUI: 35656610 85.4% LABSERVICE SRL CUI: 14607410 2.8% MV PROMPTINTERIOR SRL CUI: 35681991 2.1% TEHVOROM SNAGOV SRL CUI: 15062753 1.4% DENDRO TOOLS SRL CUI: 35341558 0.9% 45 further suppliers 7.4%

1-18 of 18 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API