Supplier concentration (HHI) — PeBaniiNostri.ro

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

Money in flagged markets

261.25 Mn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

9,306

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Supplier concentration (HHI)
Contracting authority	CPV group	Year	Spent	Awards	Suppliers in market	HHI	Leading supplier
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA ARAD CUI: 3519879	241 GAZE	Whole period	40,004,399 39,640,897 363,502	63	1,197	9,838	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.2%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.2% EYECON MEDICAL SRL CUI: 14923065 0.5% GENERAL ELECTRIC MEDICAL SYSTEMS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 12924986 0.2% MEDICAL LOGISTIC MALL SRL CUI: 22672401 0.2% NEOTECH SRL CUI: 14486378 0.0% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC DE URGENTA CUI: 4505332	241 GAZE	Whole period	18,118,746 16,791,000 1,327,746	102	1,197	9,132	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 95.5%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 95.5% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 2.6% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 1.3% ROMANIAN AIRPORT SERVICES SA CUI: 6716875 0.3% MONTANA CAPITAL SRL CUI: 45565064 0.1% 7 further suppliers 0.2%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA DE GAZE NATURALE ROMGAZ SA CUI: 14056826	241 GAZE	Whole period	18,024,891 17,734,223 132,208 158,460	109	1,197	8,484	SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 91.8%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 91.8% MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 7.4% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 0.8% FRIGO SERV CRINA IMPEX SRL CUI: 28046504 0.0% FRIGOKOM TRADING SRL CUI: 32779988 0.0% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC COLTEA CUI: 4192960	241 GAZE	Whole period	16,346,451 16,258,350 88,101	34	1,197	9,984	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.9%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.9% CLEAN SERVICES INTERNATIONAL SRL CUI: 18537512 0.0% JUST TOP OFFICE SRL CUI: 44958081 0.0% EXTREME ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 32562910 0.0% LARI COM SERV SRL CUI: 2632690 0.0% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE BOLI INFECTIOASE PROFDRMATEI BALS CUI: 9524980	241 GAZE	Whole period	13,234,758 12,774,447 459,921 390	46	1,197	9,337	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 96.6%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 96.6% EYECON MEDICAL SRL CUI: 14923065 2.1% AIR PRODUCTS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 35261416 0.6% CONEXIUNI PROFESSIONAL SERVICE SRL CUI: 33213072 0.5% DEDEMAN SRL CUI: 2816464 0.2% 2 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITAL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA BIHOR CUI: 4208498	241 GAZE	Whole period	12,296,876 11,312,793 965,865 18,218	103	1,197	8,387	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 91.2%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 91.2% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 8.7% MEDICAL LOGISTIC MALL SRL CUI: 22672401 0.0% TEHNOPLUS MEDICAL SERVICE SRL CUI: 38022073 0.0% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 0.0% 6 further suppliers 0.1%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA SLATINA CUI: 4394927	241 GAZE	Whole period	12,197,295 11,910,894 280,424 5,977	43	1,197	9,200	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 95.9%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 95.9% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 3.1% AIR PRODUCTS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 35261416 1.0%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR02482 CUI: 4364594	241 GAZE	Whole period	12,015,193 11,085,192 643,502 286,499	109	1,197	9,583	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 97.9%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 97.9% NEOTECH SRL CUI: 14486378 1.5% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 0.3% AMS MEDICAL CONSULTING SRL CUI: 33116622 0.3% HELLIMED SRL CUI: 4885207 0.1%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA CUI: 4253650	241 GAZE	Whole period	11,595,725 10,866,538 728,083 1,104	59	1,197	8,689	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 93.0%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 93.0% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 7.0% GENERAL ELECTRIC MEDICAL SYSTEMS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 12924986 0.1% TRICOCHIM LUX SRL CUI: 1380676 0.0% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 0.0% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN MURES CUI: 24014380	241 GAZE	Whole period	11,130,243 11,057,705 34,517 38,021	156	1,197	9,904	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.5%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.5% ADIMAG COM IMPEX SRL CUI: 4786351 0.2% NEWMEDICS COM SRL CUI: 16020624 0.1% AIR LIQUIDE VITALAIRE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 18179732 0.1% AZOMURES SA CUI: 1200490 0.0% 4 further suppliers 0.1%
SPITALUL CLINIC MUNICIPAL DE URGENTA TIMISOARA CUI: 4483447	241 GAZE	Whole period	10,758,958 9,906,571 714,217 138,170	98	1,197	8,957	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 94.6%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 94.6% MEDICAL LOGISTIC MALL SRL CUI: 22672401 3.7% EYECON MEDICAL SRL CUI: 14923065 1.7% VISTIM SRL CUI: 14119126 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC MUNICIPAL DR GAVRIL CURTEANU ORADEA CUI: 4208463	241 GAZE	Whole period	8,698,130 8,677,001 21,129	38	1,197	9,739	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 98.7%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 98.7% ADRIAN SPIRESCU SI MIHAELA PELTEACU SCPA CUI: 28697278 1.2% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 0.1%
SPITATUL UNIVERSITAR DE URGENTA ELIAS CUI: 4192537	241 GAZE	Whole period	8,304,193 7,873,837 430,356	57	1,197	8,806	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 93.8%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 93.8% MEDICAL GAZPLUS SRL CUI: 32666172 3.2% MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 1.7% NEOTECH SRL CUI: 14486378 1.3% JUST TOP OFFICE SRL CUI: 44958081 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SI PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGIE VICTOR BABES CRAIOVA CUI: 4417060	241 GAZE	Whole period	8,182,648 8,023,058 159,590	53	1,197	10,000	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 100.0%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 100.0%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA ZALAU CUI: 4291719	241 GAZE	Whole period	7,492,768 7,422,092 70,676	105	1,197	9,636	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 98.2%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 98.2% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 1.8% MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 0.0% TEHVOROM SNAGOV SRL CUI: 15062753 0.0%
ELECTROCENTRALE BUCURESTI SA CUI: 15189596	241 GAZE	Whole period	7,092,980 6,347,494 342,524 402,962	87	1,197	8,942	SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 94.5%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 94.5% UNIGAZ SRL CUI: 5247363 2.8% MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 2.3% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 0.4% GAS ALARM SERVICES SRL CUI: 14607429 0.0% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA PIUS BRINZEU TIMISOARA CUI: 4663448	241 GAZE	Whole period	6,977,349 6,315,982 661,367	48	1,197	9,033	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 95.0%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 95.0% 1NGINEERING SRL CUI: 28725629 3.8% EYECON MEDICAL SRL CUI: 14923065 0.6% MEDICAL LOGISTIC MALL SRL CUI: 22672401 0.6%
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA SFANTUL APOSTOL ANDREI CONSTANTA CUI: 4301103	241 GAZE	Whole period	6,747,458 5,511,950 626,103 609,405	67	1,197	7,808	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 88.0%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 88.0% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 6.2% ACTIV METAL GAZ SRL CUI: 21060315 4.3% GENERAL ELECTRIC MEDICAL SYSTEMS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 12924986 0.4% MEDICAL GAZPLUS SRL CUI: 32666172 0.3% 9 further suppliers 0.7%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA CALARASI DR POMPEI SAMARIAN CUI: 3233078	241 GAZE	Whole period	5,571,105 4,785,103 786,002	52	1,197	9,859	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.3%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.3% DONAU TERMO SRL CUI: 26594209 0.3% EVOREVO SRL CUI: 32761476 0.3% VISTIM SRL CUI: 14119126 0.2% CYP IMPEX SRL CUI: 13455993 0.0%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA TARGOVISTE CUI: 4206845	241 GAZE	Whole period	5,498,625 4,503,631 994,994	120	1,197	8,103	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 89.8%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 89.8% AIR PRODUCTS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 35261416 6.2% UNIGAZ SRL CUI: 5247363 2.7% SIAD ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8184529 0.6% VISTIM SRL CUI: 14119126 0.3% 6 further suppliers 0.5%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA TG-JIU CUI: 4448067	241 GAZE	Whole period	5,150,801 4,723,070 427,731	50	1,197	9,973	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.9%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.9% ARTEGO SA CUI: 2157428 0.1% EVOREVO SRL CUI: 32761476 0.0%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA PIATRA NEAMT CUI: 2613362	241 GAZE	Whole period	4,839,731 4,798,690 41,041	34	1,197	9,899	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.5%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.5% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 0.3% JUST TOP OFFICE SRL CUI: 44958081 0.1% CONDITIONAL SRL CUI: 10439381 0.1% GENERAL ELECTRIC MEDICAL SYSTEMS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 12924986 0.1%
SPITALUL DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SI PSIHIATRIE BAIA MARE CUI: 3627501	241 GAZE	Whole period	4,141,130 3,165,477 951,346 24,307	97	1,197	9,920	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.6%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 99.6% MW SRL CUI: 13208535 0.4%
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA RESITA CUI: 1061626	241 GAZE	Whole period	3,823,420 3,793,720 29,325 375	161	1,197	9,975	MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.9%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 99.9% LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 0.1% KLACSKA ROMANIA SRL CUI: 15732225 0.0% ROAMBRA COMPANY SRL CUI: 12493930 0.0%
UNIVERSITATEA BABES BOLYAI CUI: 4305849	241 GAZE	Whole period	3,008,797 2,018,946 345,523 644,328	274	1,197	8,500	LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 92.1%
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry. LINDE GAZ ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8721959 92.1% AIR PRODUCTS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 35261416 2.9% INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE CERCETARE-DEZVOLTARE PENTRU TEHNOLOGII CRIOGENICE SI IZOTOPICE - ICSI RAMNICU VALCEA CUI: 2538104 2.3% MESSER ROMANIA GAZ SRL CUI: 10547308 1.6% INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE CERCETARE DEZVOLTARE PENTRU TEHNOLOGII IZOTOPICE SI MOLECULARE I N C D T I M CUI: 13221445 0.5% 6 further suppliers 0.6%

1-25 of 25 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100

Contracting authority: The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group: The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year: The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent: The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards: How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used: How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market: How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI: The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier: The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
/api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API