The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.
Flagged markets
4
Money in flagged markets
60.41 Mn.
Mean index (money-weighted)
8,433
Flagged markets by year
Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.
Concentrated money, by CPV group
The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.
National concentration index by year
The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.
How it is computed
The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.
- Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
- Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
- Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
- The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
- Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
- Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.
Thresholds
- Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
- At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
- At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
- At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally
The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.
The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.
The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.
| Contracting authority | CPV group | Year | Spent | Awards | Suppliers used | Suppliers in market | HHI | Leading supplier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNITATEA MILITARA 01512 CUI: 4241117 | 150 ALIMENTE, BAUTURI, TUTUN SI PRODUSE CONEXE | Whole period | 38,959,359 38,834,507 124,852 | 82 | 1,928 | 7,998 | NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 89.3% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 89.3%
SIGISMUND COM SRL CUI: 5740921 4.2%
GETYNIC - COM SRL CUI: 4078410 2.9%
DRAGON RC SRL CUI: 7312522 1.2%
APE MINERALE BACAIA SRL CUI: 24335305 0.7%
5 further suppliers
1.7%
|
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| UNITATEA MILITARA 01178 CUI: 4332339 | 150 ALIMENTE, BAUTURI, TUTUN SI PRODUSE CONEXE | Whole period | 8,869,363 8,865,898 3,465 | 36 | 1,928 | 8,431 | NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 91.4% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 91.4%
HARPEK SRL CUI: 3871130 8.5%
DASCO DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT SRL CUI: 27997277 0.0%
|
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| DIRECTIA DE ASISTENTA SOCIALA CUI: 13924429 | 150 ALIMENTE, BAUTURI, TUTUN SI PRODUSE CONEXE | Whole period | 8,296,635 7,824,135 81,050 391,450 | 80 | 1,928 | 9,986 | COMIGA PROD IMPEX SRL CUI: 3821620 99.9% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
COMIGA PROD IMPEX SRL CUI: 3821620 99.9%
ECA COMPANY SRL CUI: 28392885 0.1%
TECHNOLOGY CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 30575191 0.0%
|
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| UNITATEA MILITARA 01764 CUI: 27124086 | 150 ALIMENTE, BAUTURI, TUTUN SI PRODUSE CONEXE | Whole period | 4,283,925 4,185,783 98,142 | 76 | 1,928 | 9,384 | NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 96.9% | |
|
The market's suppliers: The suppliers of the market on the row above, with each one's share: the five largest, and the rest added into one entry.
NISARA IMPEX SRL CUI: 8566375 96.9%
STEDYAN COM SRL CUI: 15779023 1.6%
MATRA SRL CUI: 6287579 0.9%
GEOCOR TRADE IMP-EXP SRL CUI: 14255365 0.3%
TEROL PROD SRL CUI: 9924137 0.3%
1 further suppliers
0.0%
|
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- Contracting authority
- The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
- CPV group
- The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
- Year
- The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
- Spent
- The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
- Awards
- How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
- Suppliers used
- How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
- Suppliers in market
- How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
- HHI
- The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
- Leading supplier
- The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.
The same data, through the API
Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.
/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years/api/v1/red-flags/overview/years/api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend