Skip to content

Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

24

Money in flagged markets

2.58 Bn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

9,066

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
SOCIETATEA DE TRANSPORT BUCURESTI STB SA CUI: 1589886 091 Whole period 1,221,860,672 1,220,635,724 1,100,162 124,786 40 3,101 9,130 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 95.5%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 95.5% NEOGAS GRID SA CUI: 20914495 2.0% NOVA POWER & GAS SA CUI: 18680651 1.6% TINMAR ENERGY SA CUI: 34620961 0.9% BULROM GAS IMPEX SRL CUI: 14012099 0.0% 3 further suppliers 0.1%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR01836 CUI: 27036839 091 Whole period 484,321,773 484,190,373 131,400 38 3,101 8,853 ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA CUI: 1860712 94.0%
ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA CUI: 1860712 94.0% OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 4.4% FLY COMPANY SRL CUI: 6506660 1.6% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.1%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR 02574 CUI: 4193125 091 Whole period 333,914,972 333,585,452 329,520 32 3,101 9,942 OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7%
OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7% OMNIMPEX AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SRL CUI: 9647761 0.1% KYNITA SRL CUI: 7485809 0.1% ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 0.1% GAZ EST SA CUI: 14679859 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
TRANSURB SA CUI: 10890801 091 Whole period 106,114,415 105,389,549 334,306 390,560 358 3,101 7,643 OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 86.5%
OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 86.5% AGROMYSMONI SRL CUI: 32849951 12.8% ELECTRICA FURNIZARE SA CUI: 28909028 0.6% VITCAROIL SRL CUI: 24928515 0.1% BIOSMART SOL SRL CUI: 29582217 0.0% 17 further suppliers 0.1%
SOCIETATEA COMPLEXUL ENERGETIC OLTENIA SA CUI: 30267310 091 Whole period 95,895,899 95,685,469 210,430 56 3,101 8,644 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.8%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.8% ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 5.6% OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 0.7% PREMIER ENERGY FURNIZARE SA CUI: 21349608 0.6% EDG EDIL PITESTI SRL CUI: 34858867 0.3% 2 further suppliers 0.1%
INSPECTORATUL GENERAL AL POLITIEI ROMANE CUI: 4453144 091 Whole period 69,771,992 69,771,992 31 3,101 10,000 LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 100.0%
LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 100.0%
MUNICIPIUL BRASOV CUI: 4384206 091 Whole period 63,051,072 62,004,227 1,042,299 4,546 42 3,101 8,698 ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 93.2%
ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 93.2% MOL ROMANIA PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SRL CUI: 7745470 2.6% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 2.0% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 1.4% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.5% 3 further suppliers 0.4%
DOMENIUL PUBLIC NAPOCA SA CUI: 201233 091 Whole period 57,838,189 57,756,253 81,936 139 3,101 8,562 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.2%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.2% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 7.6% BUTAN GAS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8297854 0.1%
SALUBRITATE CRAIOVA SRL CUI: 27969145 091 Whole period 38,076,927 37,562,100 514,827 31 3,101 8,481 OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 91.8%
OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 91.8% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 7.5% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.6% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.1% ATRASCON SRL CUI: 2286201 0.0%
ECO URBIS CRAIOVA SRL CUI: 7403230 091 Whole period 19,422,276 19,285,948 36,126 100,202 111 3,101 7,233 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 84.7%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 84.7% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 6.4% PREMIER ENERGY TRADING SRL CUI: 7127592 3.7% EON ENERGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 22043010 1.7% ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 1.7% 12 further suppliers 1.8%
TERMO URBAN CRAIOVA SRL CUI: 35182401 091 Whole period 17,198,641 17,139,900 58,741 208 3,101 9,932 PREMIER ENERGY FURNIZARE SA CUI: 21349608 99.7%
PREMIER ENERGY FURNIZARE SA CUI: 21349608 99.7% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 0.2% EUROGENETIC SRL CUI: 6218633 0.0% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.0% MOL ROMANIA PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SRL CUI: 7745470 0.0% 2 further suppliers 0.0%
SERVICII PUBLICE IASI SA CUI: 27277063 091 Whole period 15,228,902 14,267,874 824,406 136,622 40 3,101 7,225 OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 84.1%
OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 84.1% GARDEN STORE SRL CUI: 37244519 12.0% ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 1.7% PREMIER ENERGY TRADING SRL CUI: 7127592 1.5% EON ENERGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 22043010 0.7% 2 further suppliers 0.0%
APAVIL SA CUI: 16468149 091 Whole period 12,425,067 11,415,520 752,868 256,679 35 3,101 8,665 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.9%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 92.9% ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 5.0% EON ENERGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 22043010 2.1% ARTA MODEI SRL CUI: 2539622 0.0% BIOSMART SOL SRL CUI: 29582217 0.0%
TRANSPORT URBAN DE CALATORI SA CUI: 10152871 091 Whole period 5,574,704 5,526,269 48,435 120 3,101 9,908 COSMO GAZ PRO SRL CUI: 17797883 99.5%
COSMO GAZ PRO SRL CUI: 17797883 99.5% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.2% CORENAN WOODGREEN SRL CUI: 42135135 0.1% WOOD EXPLO FOREST SRL CUI: 33952016 0.1% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.0% 6 further suppliers 0.1%
UTILITATI PUBLICE-GOSPODARIA COMUNALA SRL CUI: 30860945 091 Whole period 5,547,719 5,287,373 241,407 18,939 140 3,101 9,305 ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 96.5%
ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 96.5% KARINA SEA 98 SRL CUI: 11393851 1.2% ARABESQUE SRL CUI: 5340801 0.7% FITOCENTER SRL CUI: 14916700 0.7% MAX SRL CUI: 3697680 0.4% 7 further suppliers 0.6%
STATIUNEA DE CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE PENTRU CRESTEREA BOVINELOR ARAD CUI: 18558620 091 Whole period 4,674,547 4,658,800 15,747 60 3,101 9,933 ARAMCO DIESEL SRL CUI: 32273858 99.7%
ARAMCO DIESEL SRL CUI: 32273858 99.7% UNITED PARTS SRL CUI: 31468991 0.2% ARAL INVEST SIB SRL CUI: 40851251 0.1% COM NICO MOTORS SRL CUI: 12256240 0.0% CAVA MOTORS GROUP SRL CUI: 31137980 0.0% 5 further suppliers 0.0%
ELECTRIFICARE CFR SA CUI: 16828396 091 Whole period 4,365,689 4,334,683 31,006 120 3,101 9,865 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 99.3%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 99.3% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.7% TUB COM OIL SRL CUI: 21566950 0.0% DEDEMAN SRL CUI: 2816464 0.0% FIVE-HOLDING SA CUI: 10562600 0.0% 2 further suppliers 0.0%
COMPANIA DE UTILITATI PUBLICE SA CUI: 1443170 091 Whole period 4,155,945 3,558,250 597,477 218 30 3,101 7,430 OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 85.6%
OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 85.6% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 9.4% HANIFA SRL CUI: 13853620 2.5% GENERAL TRANS SRL CUI: 1460058 2.2% SIGMA GAZ SRL CUI: 11060504 0.2% 2 further suppliers 0.1%
MUNICIPIUL BAIA MARE CUI: 3627692 091 Whole period 4,116,861 4,047,953 68,908 94 3,101 9,671 OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 98.3%
OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 98.3% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 1.7%
SERVICII EDILITARE PENTRU COMUNITATE MIOVENI SRL CUI: 27280093 091 Whole period 4,082,595 4,046,546 36,049 162 3,101 8,578 PRO SPERANTA 2002 SRL CUI: 6747677 92.3%
PRO SPERANTA 2002 SRL CUI: 6747677 92.3% AZROM AGRO PT SRL CUI: 32558685 7.5% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.1% AL-MIS SRL CUI: 159783 0.0% ECO TECH SERVICE SRL CUI: 13175144 0.0% 4 further suppliers 0.0%
AGENTIA ROMANA DE SALVARE A VIETII OMENESTI PE MARE CUI: 16330145 091 Whole period 3,849,972 3,135,503 632,017 82,452 30 3,101 7,256 OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 83.6%
OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 83.6% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 16.4%
CONFORT URBAN SRL CUI: 1875349 091 Whole period 3,551,982 3,071,500 465,587 14,895 30 3,101 7,541 ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 86.5%
ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 86.5% JT GRUP OIL SA CUI: 14162177 5.7% AUTOVEST SRL CUI: 6836324 4.1% ACTIV METAL GAZ SRL CUI: 21060315 3.8%
SPITALUL DE PSIHIATRIE NUCET CUI: 5105385 091 Whole period 3,211,238 2,959,360 251,878 42 3,101 8,552 ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 92.2%
ALMATAR TRANS SRL CUI: 13573930 92.2% BUTAN GAS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 8297854 7.7% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.1%
SPITALUL DE PSIHIATRIE POROSCHIA CUI: 4568438 091 Whole period 3,132,375 3,132,375 77 3,101 7,345 OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 84.2%
OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 84.2% SEBCAR PROD IMPEX SRL CUI: 7771320 15.8%

1-24 of 24 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API