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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

398

Money in flagged markets

10.51 Bn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

7,982

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The markets flagged in 2026, with shares and floors (10 awards, 500,000 RON) taken on that year's money alone. The whole period is a separate test, not the sum of the years.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
COMPANIA NATIONALA DE CAI FERATE CFR SA CUI: 11054529 452 2026 4,566,081,472 4,566,081,472 15 6,845 7,134 ALSTOM TRANSPORT SA CUI: 6640696 84.0%
ALSTOM TRANSPORT SA CUI: 6640696 84.0% BAWI CONSTRUCTION SRL CUI: 15687329 5.7% SWIETELSKY CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 16089498 5.7% ARCADA COMPANY SA CUI: 5437520 1.9% BEDAMIRO HOLDING PARCARI CONSTRUCT SA CUI: 28056680 0.4% 8 further suppliers 2.2%
COMPANIA NATIONALA AEROPORTURI BUCURESTI SA CUI: 26490194 452 2026 1,643,955,792 1,643,705,027 250,765 15 6,845 7,765 PORR CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 16601724 88.0%
PORR CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 16601724 88.0% INSTITUTUL DE CERCETARE SI PRODUCTIE IN ELECTROTEHNICA ICPE ELECTROCOND TECHNOLOGIES SA CUI: 356572 2.7% LSG BUILDING SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 27343230 2.7% DEMCAR 2000 SRL CUI: 13407899 2.7% BAICULESCU CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 42825119 1.7% 6 further suppliers 2.2%
UNITATEA MILITARA 0276 CUI: 4203997 341 2026 779,748,640 779,748,640 13 627 9,921 DELTAMED SRL CUI: 9434372 99.6%
DELTAMED SRL CUI: 9434372 99.6% TIRIAC AUTO SRL CUI: 11331727 0.2% VAG SERVICE SRL CUI: 21602505 0.2% AUTO-BOGYO SRL CUI: 15184610 0.1%
HIDRO PRAHOVA SA CUI: 16826034 452 2026 428,138,115 427,028,673 1,109,442 12 6,845 7,661 EUSKADI SRL CUI: 17021083 87.2%
EUSKADI SRL CUI: 17021083 87.2% KATO SERVICE SRL CUI: 17588470 6.5% ASCENDENT SRL CUI: 14043834 3.0% EDAS-EXIM SRL CUI: 6707346 3.0% ALECA PRO CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 37716620 0.2% 4 further suppliers 0.1%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA DE TRANSPORT FEROVIAR DE CALATORI - CFR - CALATORI SA CUI: 11054545 091 2026 292,262,255 292,253,674 5,745 2,836 23 912 9,944 OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7%
OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7% ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 0.3% LUK FOREST SISTEM SRL CUI: 33628363 0.0% LEVISAD GROUP WOOD SRL CUI: 25064026 0.0% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.0% 3 further suppliers 0.0%
APAVITAL SA CUI: 1959768 343 2026 259,132,401 259,008,373 124,028 113 3,016 9,990 ROMDAV SRL CUI: 4253995 100.0%
ROMDAV SRL CUI: 4253995 100.0% ALBEROM SRL CUI: 24344214 0.0% PROIECT AMC RO SRL CUI: 40222804 0.0% HIDROSUD SRL CUI: 24884931 0.0% GRUNDFOS POMPE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 427690 0.0% 11 further suppliers 0.0%
INSPECTORATUL GENERAL DE AVIATIE AL MINISTERULUI INTERNELOR SI REFORMEI ADMINISTRATIVE CUI: 24367374 347 2026 226,715,027 226,625,912 89,115 12 145 9,992 SIMULTEC SRL CUI: 406093 100.0%
SIMULTEC SRL CUI: 406093 100.0% AVIOTRADE SERVICE SRL CUI: 22211726 0.0% AFMECH SRL CUI: 25702949 0.0% AIRBUS HELICOPTERS ROMANIA SA CUI: 14403216 0.0% ARPIEM AVIATION SRL CUI: 33519692 0.0%
SECTORUL 3 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCURESTI CUI: 4420465 452 2026 213,677,789 207,658,439 4,874,011 1,145,339 18 6,845 7,090 EUROPLUS CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 352724 84.0%
EUROPLUS CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 352724 84.0% MEGA EDIL AG SRL CUI: 16815019 3.1% EUROAMCON SRL CUI: 29262387 3.1% PASIROM INTERACTIV SRL CUI: 14947358 3.1% NICONS SRL CUI: 2703686 3.1% 9 further suppliers 3.8%
COMPANIA REGIONALA DE APA BACAU SA CUI: 27429315 452 2026 165,706,122 163,171,345 1,642,793 891,984 23 6,845 9,084 STRABAG SRL CUI: 6891914 95.3%
STRABAG SRL CUI: 6891914 95.3% GAMSERV CONS SRL CUI: 38156989 1.6% YDA PROIECT CONSULTING SRL CUI: 33022684 1.2% CONTACT PLUS CONSTRUCTII SRL CUI: 28589411 0.9% ADAL HIDRO CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 32526438 0.3% 8 further suppliers 0.8%
SOCIETATEA DE PRODUCERE A ENERGIEI ELECTRICE IN HIDROCENTRALE HIDROELECTRICA SA CUI: 13267213 311 2026 135,943,752 135,645,833 297,919 38 1,274 7,498 SIEMENS ENERGY SRL CUI: 41685610 86.2%
SIEMENS ENERGY SRL CUI: 41685610 86.2% ELEROM SA CUI: 3426320 8.1% START ENERGY SRL CUI: 22086909 2.2% ELSACO SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 14364265 1.4% ICPE ACTEL SA CUI: 356661 0.8% 19 further suppliers 1.4%
JUDETUL MURES CUI: 4322980 452 2026 126,715,425 124,911,572 1,803,853 36 6,845 7,851 FAR FOUNDATION SRL CUI: 26999270 88.5%
FAR FOUNDATION SRL CUI: 26999270 88.5% CITADIN PREST SA CUI: 7774378 3.6% MULTIPLAND SRL CUI: 6178970 2.1% DACIA FABER SRL CUI: 7026210 1.5% ANTREPRIZA DE REPARATII SI LUCRARI A R L CLUJ SA CUI: 9478840 1.2% 7 further suppliers 3.1%
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE PENTRU FIZICA SI INGINERIE NUCLEARA HORIA HULUBEI - IFIN - HH CUI: 3321234 508 2026 94,299,565 94,261,493 38,072 11 2,907 9,992 THALES ROMANIA SRL CUI: 47104490 100.0%
THALES ROMANIA SRL CUI: 47104490 100.0% EURITMIC GRUP SRL CUI: 12670543 0.0% ABC CONTROL SRL CUI: 29686854 0.0% MIXED TECH SRL CUI: 47873443 0.0% UTILBEN SRL CUI: 18643343 0.0% 3 further suppliers 0.0%
ASOCIATIA UNIVERSITATILOR INSTITUTELOR DE CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE SI BIBLIOTECILOR CENTRALE UNIVERSITARE DIN ROMANIA - ANELIS PLUS CUI: 29489879 723 2026 78,261,800 78,261,800 44 427 8,136 E-NFORMATION SRL CUI: 14159813 89.9%
E-NFORMATION SRL CUI: 14159813 89.9% GEMINI INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 38305118 6.2% ROMDIDAC SA CUI: 1555719 3.9%
TRUSTUL DE CLADIRI METROPOLITANE BUCURESTI SA CUI: 37992692 452 2026 61,465,947 57,284,139 3,960,508 221,300 14 6,845 8,970 UNITIP GLOBAL SRL CUI: 30372855 94.7%
UNITIP GLOBAL SRL CUI: 30372855 94.7% WEST BETON CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 21186420 3.4% BIAEWA CONSULTING SRL CUI: 44386982 0.8% BEST ROAD SEMNALIZARE SRL CUI: 27893284 0.6% CONSTRUCTII ABC SRL CUI: 50701960 0.3% 5 further suppliers 0.3%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE PROTECTIE INTERNA CUI: 36755310 324 2026 57,515,780 57,457,563 58,217 11 1,152 8,767 RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 93.5%
RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 93.5% DENDRIO SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 11973883 4.6% ARCTIC STREAM SA CUI: 38114908 1.8% AGECCO COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 17498636 0.0% QUINTRIX IMPEX SRL CUI: 6780002 0.0% 4 further suppliers 0.0%
ELECTROCENTRALE BUCURESTI SA CUI: 15189596 421 2026 51,880,397 51,240,413 291,501 348,483 87 2,060 7,953 GENERAL ELECTRIC GLOBAL SERVICES GMBH CUI: 428071776 89.1%
GENERAL ELECTRIC GLOBAL SERVICES GMBH CUI: 428071776 89.1% F & C TOTAL GRUP SRL CUI: 13683320 2.2% MESSYSTECH SRL CUI: 11471879 1.6% TURBOENERGY POWER CUI: 1007607001228 1.2% D & G DYNAMIC MAINTENANCE GROUP SRL CUI: 18747999 1.1% 31 further suppliers 4.8%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA DE GAZE NATURALE ROMGAZ SA CUI: 14056826 441 2026 50,867,991 50,488,198 379,793 25 5,278 8,859 SILCOTUB SA CUI: 15117182 94.1%
SILCOTUB SA CUI: 15117182 94.1% APROV SA CUI: 802217 2.2% AGRILID ACTIV SRL CUI: 30467920 1.2% AMMASTEEL MET SRL CUI: 24742341 0.6% AOD SELSKAP SRL CUI: 42178616 0.5% 11 further suppliers 1.4%
COMPANIA DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC IASI SA CUI: 32175213 091 2026 39,843,380 39,816,000 27,380 13 912 9,986 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 99.9%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 99.9% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.1% OMV PETROM MARKETING SRL CUI: 11201891 0.0%
CASA NATIONALA DE PENSII PUBLICE CUI: 13574005 722 2026 39,561,135 39,301,373 259,762 10 1,954 9,759 AROBS SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 46034001 98.8%
AROBS SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 46034001 98.8% CRAYON SOFTWARE EXPERTS ROMANIA SRL CUI: 41889483 0.6% MAGUAY COMPUTERS SRL CUI: 12167046 0.6% SINTEC SRL CUI: 18153422 0.0%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR 02638 CUI: 4265965 302 2026 32,965,132 32,902,907 62,225 23 2,673 9,995 BLUESPACE TECHNOLOGY SA CUI: 28627965 100.0%
BLUESPACE TECHNOLOGY SA CUI: 28627965 100.0% EMI SHIELDING SRL CUI: 12850277 0.0% PMC GROUP DISTRIBUTIE SRL CUI: 17116469 0.0% PYRAMID COMPUTERS & SERVICES SRL CUI: 31071230 0.0%
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA TARGU MURES CUI: 4323209 331 2026 32,676,542 30,889,269 1,787,273 255 2,488 7,008 PHARMICS SRL CUI: 23200539 83.5%
PHARMICS SRL CUI: 23200539 83.5% THREE PHARM SRL CUI: 26361386 6.1% OXCART MEDICAL SRL CUI: 42146398 1.0% HDL UNION SRL CUI: 16646521 0.8% LABO SHOP SRL CUI: 13213280 0.8% 68 further suppliers 7.7%
INSPECTORATUL GENERAL AL POLITIEI ROMANE CUI: 4453144 381 2026 26,051,930 26,051,930 13 118 8,730 VODAFONE ROMANIA SA CUI: 8971726 93.2%
VODAFONE ROMANIA SA CUI: 8971726 93.2% ARCTIC STREAM SA CUI: 38114908 6.8%
REGISTRUL AUTO ROMAN RA CUI: 1590236 453 2026 25,557,350 24,528,357 1,028,993 20 3,982 9,220 KTS CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 15050783 96.0%
KTS CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 15050783 96.0% EL & COM PREST PROCON 2002 SRL CUI: 14607801 3.0% SCAN ELECTRIC SRL CUI: 15148863 0.3% ORACLER ADVERTISING SRL CUI: 17813644 0.3% ARCNET PROJECTS SRL CUI: 40181887 0.3% 6 further suppliers 0.2%
MUNICIPIUL ORADEA CUI: 4230487 302 2026 23,279,741 23,085,334 97,593 96,814 19 2,673 8,451 UNION CO SRL CUI: 16591086 91.8%
UNION CO SRL CUI: 16591086 91.8% B2B DIGITAL SRL CUI: 18168172 3.7% WI-NOVATION SRL CUI: 18967218 3.7% NEXIA CONSULTING SRL CUI: 13186178 0.4% RO ET CO INTERNATIONAL SA CUI: 3736380 0.3% 1 further suppliers 0.1%
JUDETUL SIBIU CUI: 4406223 331 2026 22,671,350 22,671,350 12 2,488 8,359 PHARMICS SRL CUI: 23200539 91.3%
PHARMICS SRL CUI: 23200539 91.3% MEDICAL DEVICE STORE SRL CUI: 36765608 3.8% IXODRON SRL CUI: 41027500 2.5% DACORUM GRUP SRL CUI: 11609301 1.6% TEHNO ELECTRO MEDICAL COMPANY SRL CUI: 217930 0.7% 1 further suppliers 0.1%

1-25 of 398 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API